http://wiki.naturalphilosophy.org/index.php?title=Waves_Versus_Corpuscles_:_The_Revolution_That_Never_Was&feed=atom&action=historyWaves Versus Corpuscles : The Revolution That Never Was - Revision history2024-03-29T10:01:17ZRevision history for this page on the wikiMediaWiki 1.34.0http://wiki.naturalphilosophy.org/index.php?title=Waves_Versus_Corpuscles_:_The_Revolution_That_Never_Was&diff=28381&oldid=prevMaintenance script: Imported from text file2017-01-02T13:56:43Z<p>Imported from text file</p>
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<p><b>New page</b></p><div>{{Infobox book<br />
| name = Waves Versus Corpuscles : The Revolution That Never Was<br />
| image = Waves Versus Corpuscles : The Revolution That Never Was 331.jpg<br />
| author = [[Peter Rowlands]]<br />
| published = 1992<br />
| publisher = [[PD Publications]]<br />
| pages = 406<br />
| isbn = 1873694016<br />
}}<br />
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Peter Rowlands is both scientist and historian, and in both domains he challenges inherited assumptions and prejudices.&nbsp; He says the ?wave-particle duality? arises from a vision of science that is rather too rich in political metaphors.&nbsp;&nbsp;Examples: 1) Newton?s British vision of physical reality was entirely based on particles, and thereby ?opposite? to the Cartesian, continuum visions popular on the European continent. &nbsp;2) Newton?s particulate concept of light was wrong, and after decisive experiments was overthrown by a wave model tracing to Christian Huygens.&nbsp;&nbsp;Maxwell and Hertz completed and solidified a total ?revolution?. 3) The wentieth century gave us the light quantum, or photon, something entirely new and different from Newton?s old ?corpuscle?.<br />
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But reality is far more complex.&nbsp;&nbsp;Examples: 1) Newton described mechanics in terms of point particles and action-at-a-distance force laws, but he didn?t preclude&nbsp;an intervening aether medium; indeed he talked about it in his treatise on ?Opticks?.&nbsp;&nbsp;Newton?s light corpuscle was not just a point, since it carried some sort of periodicity and polarization.&nbsp; If ?dualism? is an identifiable philosophy, Newton was its first proponent.&nbsp; 2) Huygens? wave concept was not much like the later electromagnetic wave concept, since he knew nothing of the transverse character of light, or its polarization.&nbsp; Furthermore, his concept was not embraced and exploited in his own time, so it didn?t influence subsequent development.&nbsp; It&nbsp; was just recalled later, ex post facto. 3) The QM photon is not that much different from Newton?s corpuscle.&nbsp; What was wrong with the corpuscular theory was Newton?s inference concerning the velocity of light in a material medium: he said ?bigger?, whereas reality says ?smaller?.&nbsp; But had his statement been phrased in terms of momentum&nbsp; rather than velocity, it would have been quite right.<br />
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So, history is revisionist and mythic.&nbsp; So what?&nbsp;&nbsp;What are we missing here?&nbsp; Well, perhaps a great deal.&nbsp;&nbsp;The problem is that in passively accepting a myth about the history of science, we inadvertently encumber the present and future development of science. Our myth-based vision of science today disregards the greater half of what Newton gave us.&nbsp;&nbsp; The myth is largely mathematico-deductive: it has to do with manipulating equations and calculating numbers; it is what enables us to predict things.&nbsp; But the greater part of Newton?s gift is inductive&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; and qualitative.&nbsp; It has to do with inferring&nbsp;the principles and formulating the equations.&nbsp; This is what enables us to discover things.&nbsp; Discovery is not about the conflict between&nbsp;paradigms, it is about the creation of&nbsp;paradigms.&nbsp; The political metaphors are not applicable, and do not help us perform that function.<br />
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Having not fully appreciated the ?creative? aspect of Newton?s science, we have little nurtured it and rarely seen it.&nbsp;&nbsp;To his credit, Einstein gave us a rare modern illustration.&nbsp; Like Newton before him, Einstein: eschewed specific physical models and focused on on universal underlying principles, which he expressed in terms of abstract mathematics.&nbsp; Why then do we have here a whole journal largely committed to critiquing Einstein?&nbsp; I think it is because what happened after Newton has not yet happened after Einstein.&nbsp;&nbsp;Newton was soon followed by Hamilton and by Lagrange, each of whom offered equally valid but different articulations of underlying principles to explain mechanics.&nbsp;&nbsp;No similar phenomenon has followed Einstein: no one has put his postulate set into proper perspective as one out of several possible ones. - Cynthia K. Whitney, <em>Galilean Electrodynamics</em>, V10, N3, p. 42 (May/Jun 1999).<br /><br />
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==Links to Purchase Book==<br />
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* [[http://www.amazon.com/Waves-Versus-Corpuscles-Revolution-Never/dp/1873694016/ref=sr_1_1?ie=UTF8&s=books&qid=1219714782&sr=1-1 Waves Versus Corpuscles : The Revolution That Never Was]][[Category:Book]]<br />
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