Methods for Visualizing Aether, Electromagnetic Waves, and All Else
| Scientific Paper | |
|---|---|
| Title | Methods for Visualizing Aether, Electromagnetic Waves, and All Else |
| Read in full | Link to paper |
| Author(s) | William R Hohenberger |
| Keywords | electromagnetic waves, aether, Philosophy of Science, Quantum Physics, string theory |
| Published | 2008 |
| No. of pages | 33 |
Read the full paper here
Abstract
The universe is neither empty nor void, but is instead filled with a single universal substance, the stellar air. Electromagnetic waves oscillate within the stellar air and can be visually described as constructs of the stellar air. Gamma rays are high frequency electromagnetic waves that compress the stellar air into quarks of liquid light at the resonant frequency of the stellar air within the Universe. Quarks are four-dimensionally shaped charge segments of a gamma ray, which combine spatially to form saturated particles of liquid light as defined by the Higgs Boson Ball. Particles combine together to form atoms, mass and matter, which possess no color but are instead fashioned from constructs of liquid light. Protons interconnect as links of a chain and can be mirrored after the electron shells. The stellar air flows through our bodies and into the Earth, causing our sense of weight and then turns into mass, or liquid light, through the process of nuclear pro-fusion and causes the Earth to grow and to expand. The physics of four-dimensional space and time, the quantum physics of nuclear particles, the structure of the nucleus of an atom, the twenty-one dimensions of string theory, the colors of electrodynamics and the color psychosomatics of the human mind can all be integrated into a single whole through the philosophy of science. Stellar air and liquid light are methods for describing pure energy.
Overview
Subtitled "Describing the Indescribable" and carrying a 1992–2008 copyright, this is an excerpt from a larger unified system by William R. Hohenberger, drawing on two companion papers — A Unified Theory of the Universe and a second on human perception, consciousness and psychology. Its declared purpose is unusual and worth taking at face value: it is "not intended to be merely a paper of science, but more importantly a paper about science", a philosophical aid offering mental pictures for entities that contemporary physics describes only mathematically. The epigraph from St. Anselm — "I believe that I may understand" — sets the tone. The organizing demand throughout is the "absolute necessity of cause and effect through a priori existence of substance, structure, mechanism and process": nothing may be accepted as a bare formalism if a mechanical picture can be supplied.
The single substance is the stellar air, an aether filling a finite universe. Electromagnetic waves are oscillating vortices in it; at sufficient frequency the stellar air is driven into "saturation" and becomes liquid light — what we call mass. From these two terms Hohenberger builds outward to quarks, particles, the structure of the atomic nucleus, an extended periodic chart of 214 elements, molecular bonding, gravity as aether inflow, an expanding Earth, a cyclic finite cosmology, and finally human colour perception and consciousness. The departure from the mainstream is total rather than local: quarks are not particles, the electron is not a point charge and not in orbit around the proton, mass is "an illusion", neutron decay is misnamed, and space itself is not expanding even though the physical universe within it is.
The picture
Waves, saturation, and liquid light
An electromagnetic wave is visualised as the timing spring of a mechanical clock — a rotary oscillating system whose force and spin vectors are 90° out of phase — propagating as an oscillating vortex through the stellar air. Below the frequency of visible light there are waves; at the saturation frequency of visible light a single quantum is defined and above it there are photons. At still higher energies the wave "functions like a vacuum pump", pulling a vacuum in space and generating a dark wave, the antithesis and travelling companion of the light wave. When both light and dark waves saturate, at gamma-ray frequencies, a combined Zo wave forms at "the resonant frequency of the stellar air within the universe", and quarks appear.
Quarks as charge segments
The paper's central proposal about matter is that quarks are not particles or partial particles but "quantum charge segments of the Zo electromagnetic wave" — the portion of maximum angular momentum midway between the maximum spin and maximum force vectors. Each cycle therefore contains four packets centred at 45°, 135°, 225° and 315°; with the dark wave's four, this gives eight, identified with up, down, charm and strange plus their opposites. First-generation quarks are segments of the saturated light wave, second-generation of the dark wave, and the three "colors" are simply the three polar orientations in space. Top and bottom quarks are three same-colour quarks compressed linearly rather than spatially.
Three such quarks superimposed on the three polar axes coalesce the stellar air into saturation and lock in as a particle with its own mass. This is charted on a "Higgs Boson Ball": three perpendicular red lines on a sphere, eight octants, one quark at the centre of each, with concentric circles marking forty triplet combinations, and the whole tabulated to 120 possible combinations. The electron comes out as ddd — "a micro-miniature ball of liquid light" — the neutron as udd, the proton as uud, a toroidal "loop of liquid light" with a neutral hole at its centre: "the universe blows a smoke ring each time it generates a proton." The neutrino is the same object as the neutron, a stretched travelling string rather than a stationary eddy, and Hohenberger accordingly rewrites beta decay as an incoming neutrino striking a neutron and converting it to a proton plus electron, arguing the antineutrino is dispensable because "it would be a hole in the stellar air with no charge and therefore no mechanism around the hole to maintain the hole." He proposes renaming the process "neutral energy to matter conversion". Antiparticles are holes of nothing held open by a surrounding vortex; they combine by cohesion into ever-larger holes, which is what a black hole is.
The nucleus, the periodic chart, and bonding
Because protons are rings, they can interlink like the links of a chain, and Hohenberger's structural hypothesis is that the nucleus mirrors the electron shells: four interlocked protons for the combined 1S and 2S bands, six attachment points giving the six 2P electrons, and so on through D, F and G bands. He develops the construct explicitly to a hypothetical 214-proton nucleus with 22 protons in the centre band and 16 in each of twelve outer bands, and presents an expanded Janet-style periodic chart of 214 elements. To his credit he lists the difficulties himself: two unresolved issues (the filling order of the arms, and whether the F and G bands merge) and one "known conflict" — the combined P/D bands need thirty groups but only twenty-six positions exist in a 3×3×3 cube minus centre, which he proposes to resolve by rotating the arms, beginning near element 50 and completing near element 86. Molecular structure follows: the electron orbits through the proton's hole rather than around it, and shared electron loops strap nuclei together. The strong nuclear force is the energy of the proton loop; the weak nuclear force the energy of the electron loop between nuclei.
Gravity, cosmology, and mind
Gravity is stellar-air inflow: the aether flows through our bodies into the Earth, causing the sensation of weight, and converts to mass by "nuclear pro-fusion", which is why the Earth grows and the continents drift apart. Light appears to bend near stars because the medium it travels in is flowing laterally into them. Mass is reinterpreted as resistance to motion through the stellar air, atoms compressing and bulging so that "objects shrink in length and gain apparent mass" — contraction without relativity. Clocks and waves are equally affected by the density and flow of the medium, "and therefore the speed of light only appears to be constant."
The cosmology is a finite aetherial universe held by an immense central energy form, with aether flowing inward, density diminishing outward, and periodic "burps" ejecting the seeds of a physical universe that travels outward, condenses into stars and galaxies which grow and expand, and dissolves back into waves near the edge. This lets Hohenberger endorse both sides: "Dr. Hoyle's steady state universe is correct" for the aetherial world, while "the big bang theory is also mostly correct" for the physical one — better named, he suggests, "the big burp". Because there is a preferred medium there are absolute speeds, referred to the centre of the universe as "the only static reference point available". Finally, colour is placed inside the observer: a three-dimensional colour sphere in the occipital lobes, hue and saturation as gyroscope axis and luminosity as vibration amplitude, mapped onto dimensions five through ten of a twenty-one dimensional string scheme, with the twenty-first dimension assigned to gravity and the void. "Interestingly, that is why quarks are defined in terms of color."
Assessment
What is genuinely attractive here is the insistence on picturability and on mechanism. Hohenberger is asking a question that many working physicists concede is unanswered — what is a quark, physically? — and refusing the answer "a label in a group representation". Some of his images are memorable and internally coherent: the electromagnetic wave as a timing spring with force and spin 90° out of phase; the toroidal proton with a neutral hole through which the electron passes; the identification of a travelling neutron-like object with the neutrino as a way of removing the antineutrino from beta decay. His treatment of "nothing" is a real philosophical argument, not a rhetorical flourish: that a void can have no properties, so any property assigned to a void must in fact belong holistically to the surrounding something, is a clean principle and he applies it consistently to singularities, to infinity and to instantaneous action. He is also unusually candid about the weak points of his own nuclear construct, flagging the P/D band conflict rather than concealing it.
The difficulties are correspondingly large, and they are of kind rather than of degree. Almost nothing in the paper is derived; it is asserted and illustrated. There is not a single equation, no numerical prediction, and no comparison of a computed quantity with a measured one. The quark-charge assignments are read off a diagram rather than obtained from any dynamics, and the paper's own table lists uuu, ddd, ccc, sss as the corner particles while simultaneously identifying the electron as ddd — but the electron is a lepton with no strong interaction and no measured substructure. This is a direct conflict with measurement: deep inelastic and high-energy scattering constrain electron compositeness to below roughly 10−18 m, and the electron's magnetic moment agrees with QED to about twelve significant figures, an agreement no three-vortex composite reproduces. The claim that the neutrino is the neutron in a travelling form conflicts with the neutron's 15-minute free lifetime and with neutrino masses bounded below about 1 eV against the neutron's 940 MeV. The proposal that antineutrinos cannot exist is contradicted by the Reines-Cowan detection of reactor antineutrinos in 1956 and by the reactor-antineutrino flux measurements that followed. The 214-element periodic chart predicts elements far beyond the observed island of instability with nothing said about half-lives, and the nucleus-mirrors-electron-shells hypothesis does not reproduce the known nuclear magic numbers 2, 8, 20, 28, 50, 82, 126 that the shell model accounts for.
Cosmologically, the endorsement of both a steady-state aether and an expanding physical universe is presented as a reconciliation but functions as a way of avoiding the discriminating tests. The cosmic microwave background's blackbody spectrum and its temperature scaling, and the (1+z) time dilation of Type Ia supernova light curves, are the measurements that separate steady-state from expanding cosmologies, and neither is addressed. The expanding Earth claim runs against the seafloor age and palaeomagnetic record and against satellite laser ranging and VLBI, which bound any change in Earth's radius to well under a millimetre per year. And where the paper touches Hoyle's steady state, the growth of the Earth, and the constancy of c, it does so by assertion rather than by confronting these data.
There is finally a structural problem. The identification of the three quark colours with the three axes of human colour perception, and of string dimensions five through ten with hue and luminosity, is offered as insight but is a pun: colour charge is named by analogy precisely because it is not visual colour, and building on the name rather than the physics is the paper's characteristic move writ small. Judged as physics the work does not meet the standards its own introduction invokes, since cause-and-effect mechanism without quantitative consequence cannot be tested. Judged as what it says it is — a philosophical aid, a set of visualisations offered to help a reader picture what the formalism leaves dark — it is imaginative, systematic, and honest about its speculative status.