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{{Infobox scientist
| name = Jorma Jormakka
| alt = Jorma Jormakka
| nationality = Finnish
| fields = [[Mathematics]], [[Physics]], [[Relativity]], [[Cosmology]], Telecommunications
| workplaces = Aalto University (Docent, Department of Communications and Networking); Finnish National Defence University; Helsinki University of Technology; Lappeenranta University of Technology
| known_for = Critiques of special and general relativity; advocacy of Nordström's scalar gravitation; claimed solutions to Clay Millennium Prize Problems
}}

'''Jorma Jormakka''' is a Finnish mathematician and telecommunications researcher who earned his Ph.D. in mathematics from the University of Helsinki in 1988 and has held professorships in telecommunications in Finland. Alongside his professional work in networking and information warfare, he has published a large body of independent papers arguing that both the special and general theories of relativity contain fatal mathematical errors, and he has posted claimed solutions to several of the Clay Mathematics Institute Millennium Prize Problems.

==Biography==
Jormakka completed his doctorate in mathematics at the University of Helsinki (Helsingin yliopisto) in 1988 with the dissertation ''The Existence of Quasiregular Mappings from R^3 to Closed Orientable 3-Manifolds'', supervised by Seppo Rickman.

He has worked in telecommunications since 1987 in industry, research institutes and academia, including professorships of telecommunications at Lappeenranta University of Technology and Helsinki University of Technology. He served as professor of command, control and communication systems at the Finnish National Defence College (National Defence University) in Helsinki, where his research covered military networks, network security, netwarfare and battlefield network applications. He is listed as a Docent (Adjunct Professor) in the Department of Communications and Networking at Aalto University in Espoo, Finland.

In recent years, working largely outside institutional channels, he has written prolifically on foundational problems in physics and mathematics, posting most of this work as preprints on arXiv and viXra.

==Scientific contributions==

===Critique of the relativity theory===
Jormakka's central claim in physics is that the relativity theory contains mathematical errors serious enough that it cannot be repaired. In his 2024 collection ''Critical Explorations of the Relativity Theory'' (viXra:2403.0062), a 227-page compilation, he sets out these arguments and invites readers to check the calculations for themselves.

A recurring line of attack concerns the Schwarzschild solution. In ''The Schwarzschild Metric is not a Valid Metric'' (viXra:2510.0009) he argues that the Schwarzschild metric is not a valid Riemannian metric in local Cartesian coordinates, and that this undermines the standard experimental confirmations of general relativity, including gravitational lensing and GPS satellite timing. In ''Refutation of Cosmological Models of General Relativity'' (viXra:2510.0075) he extends the criticism to Friedmann cosmology, contending that the Einstein equations do not possess solutions satisfying all the required conditions simultaneously. He has similarly argued that Maxwell's equations are not Lorentz invariant when the charge density is nonzero and non-stationary (viXra:2510.0010), and has raised the same objection for the Dirac equation.

On the experimental side, his paper ''Refutation that Experiments Verify the Relativity Theory and a More Reasonable Proof of E = mc²'' (viXra:2508.0098, 2025) — the basis of his CNPS talk — takes up the common response that relativity must be right because so many experiments confirm it. His position is that the experiments themselves are correct but that they do not uniquely verify the Lorentz transformation and the relativistic mass formula; he offers alternative explanations of the standard test results, and argues that the mass–energy relation can be derived on more reasonable grounds than the relativistic derivation. Related papers analyse Bertozzi's electron experiment (viXra:2509.0081) and apparent momentum in Compton scattering. In ''Explanation of Time Dilation in a GPS Satellite Without Using the Relativity Theory'' (viXra:2604.0069) he reproduces the GPS clock-rate offset without invoking relativity, and argues that Einstein's treatment omits the acceleration due to orbital curvature.

===Nordström's scalar gravitation===
Rather than simply rejecting gravitation theory, Jormakka proposes returning to Gunnar Nordström's scalar theory of gravitation, the pre-general-relativistic Finnish alternative. In ''Einstein's Field Theory is Wrong and Nordström's Correct'' (2018) he seeks to recover a working scalar theory of gravitation, on the grounds that general relativity has flaws that cannot be fixed. He treats gravity as a field in flat space rather than as the geometry of space-time (viXra:2510.0086), and argues that this framework — unlike general relativity — admits quantization, developing this in ''Quantum Gravitation from Nordström's Gravitation Theory'' and in work on quantizing a scalar gravity field using Feynman's path-integral method.

===Cosmology===
In ''An Alternative to the Expanding Universe Theory'' (viXra:2604.0099) Jormakka points out what he regards as errors in expanding-space cosmology and proposes instead a tired-light model, in which the cosmic microwave background arises from photon energy loss rather than from a Big Bang, and in which the fine structure constant changes over time.

===Quantum physics===
Jormakka has also written critically on quantum mechanics, including papers on Bell's theorem and a proposed hidden-variable resolution of the EPR paradox, and a series of papers arguing that the old quantum theory of Bohr and Sommerfeld accounts for the hydrogen spectrum, the Zeeman effect, the Lamb shift and fine structure at least as well as modern quantum mechanics, which he claims contains calculational errors in the fine structure spectrum.

===Mathematics and the Millennium Prize Problems===
Jormakka has published claimed results on several of the Clay Mathematics Institute Millennium Prize Problems, including ''Solutions to 3-dimensional Navier-Stokes equations for incompressible fluid'' (arXiv:0809.3553), ''Solutions to Yang-Mills equations'' (arXiv:1011.3962), ''On the existence of polynomial-time algorithms to the subset sum problem'' (arXiv:0809.4935, bearing on P versus NP), ''A note on the Hodge conjecture'' (arXiv:1101.0921), and ''On the existence of exotic homotopy 3-spheres'' (arXiv:1012.0391). He collected these in ''Solutions to the CMI Millennium Prize Problems'' (viXra, 2021), and has written about his correspondence with the Clay Institute in ''A Case Study on the Clay Millenium Prize Problems'' and ''Clay Navier-Stokes Problem Correctly Solved: CMI Gives Its Reply''.

His arXiv paper ''On the zeros of the Riemann zeta function'' (arXiv:0806.2361) is unusual for its candour: in the final revision he states that the argument he believed proved the Riemann Hypothesis in 2008, and thought he had repaired in 2020, contains an unfixable gap between two of its lemmas, and he leaves the paper posted as a record of the error together with remarks on the mathematical peer-review process. He subsequently posted a separate paper, ''A Proof of the Riemann Hypothesis'' (viXra, 2022). Other mathematical work includes ''On the rank of elliptic curves'' (arXiv:0809.4091) and, with Sourangshu Ghosh, ''A Theorem of Congruent Primes'' (arXiv:2102.04857).

==CNPS talks==
He has presented in the CNPS online seminar series:
* [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=gP_HsvGmLYw "Refutation that Experiments Verify Relativity and a Reasonable Proof of E = mc2 with Jorma Jormakka"] (9 November 2025)

==Works==
* ''An Alternative to the Expanding Universe Theory'', viXra:2604.0099 (2026)
* ''Explanation of Time Dilation in a GPS Satellite Without Using the Relativity Theory'', viXra:2604.0069 (2026)
* ''A Critical View of Quantum Physics'', viXra (2026)
* ''Gravity is Field in Flat Space, not Geometry of Space-Time'', viXra:2510.0086 (2025)
* ''Refutation of Cosmological Models of General Relativity'', viXra:2510.0075 (2025)
* ''Maxwell's Equations Are not Lorentz Invariant'', viXra:2510.0010 (2025)
* ''The Schwarzschild Metric is not a Valid Metric'', viXra:2510.0009 (2025)
* ''Quantum Gravitation from Nordström's Gravitation Theory'', viXra (2025)
* ''Calculation of the Longitudinal Mass from Bertozzi's Experiment'', viXra:2509.0081 (2025)
* ''Refutation that Experiments Verify the Relativity Theory and a More Reasonable Proof of E = mc²'', viXra:2508.0098 (2025)
* ''Three Fatal Errors in the Relativity Theory'', viXra (2025)
* ''Critical Explorations of the Relativity Theory'', viXra:2403.0062 (2024)
* "The Relativity Theory Needs Some Fixing", chapter in ''Redefining Standard Model Particle Physics'', IntechOpen (2023)
* ''A Proof of the Riemann Hypothesis'', viXra (2022)
* Jorma Jormakka and Sourangshu Ghosh, ''A Theorem of Congruent Primes'', arXiv:2102.04857 (2021)
* ''Solutions to the CMI Millennium Prize Problems'', viXra (2021)
* ''Quantization of Gravitation'', viXra (2020)
* ''Einstein's Field Theory is Wrong and Nordström's Correct'', viXra (2018)
* ''Is Special Relativity Really Tested Empirically?'', viXra (2018)
* ''On Bell's Theorem'' and ''A Hidden Variable Solution to the EPR Paradox'', viXra (2018)
* ''A note on the Hodge conjecture'', arXiv:1101.0921 (2011)
* ''On the existence of exotic homotopy 3-spheres'', arXiv:1012.0391 (2010)
* ''Solutions to Yang-Mills equations'', arXiv:1011.3962 (2010)
* ''On the existence of polynomial-time algorithms to the subset sum problem'', arXiv:0809.4935 (2008)
* ''On the rank of elliptic curves'', arXiv:0809.4091 (2008)
* ''Solutions to 3-dimensional Navier-Stokes equations for incompressible fluid'', arXiv:0809.3553 (2008)
* ''On the zeros of the Riemann zeta function'', arXiv:0806.2361 (2008)
* "Modelling Information Warfare as a Game", ''Journal of Information Warfare'', Vol. 4, Issue 2
* ''The Existence of Quasiregular Mappings from R^3 to Closed Orientable 3-Manifolds'', Ph.D. dissertation, University of Helsinki (1988)

==External links==
* [https://vixra.org/author/jorma_jormakka viXra author page]
* [https://arxiv.org/a/jormakka_j_1 arXiv listing]
* [https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Jorma-Jormakka ResearchGate profile]
* [https://www.mathgenealogy.org/id.php?id=112353 Mathematics Genealogy Project entry]
* [https://www.jinfowar.com/authors/jorma-jormakka Journal of Information Warfare author page]

[[Category:Scientist|Jormakka Jorma]]
[[Category:Relativity|Jormakka Jorma]]
[[Category:Cosmology|Jormakka Jorma]]