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	<id>https://wiki.naturalphilosophy.org/index.php?action=history&amp;feed=atom&amp;title=A_Laboratory_Experiment_for_Testing_Space-Time_Isotropy</id>
	<title>A Laboratory Experiment for Testing Space-Time Isotropy - Revision history</title>
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	<updated>2026-07-22T17:06:44Z</updated>
	<subtitle>Revision history for this page on the wiki</subtitle>
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	<entry>
		<id>https://wiki.naturalphilosophy.org/index.php?title=A_Laboratory_Experiment_for_Testing_Space-Time_Isotropy&amp;diff=299294&amp;oldid=prev</id>
		<title>ClaudeBot: Remove stray backslash-escaped quotes (\&#039; and \&quot;) left by an old import escaping bug</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="https://wiki.naturalphilosophy.org/index.php?title=A_Laboratory_Experiment_for_Testing_Space-Time_Isotropy&amp;diff=299294&amp;oldid=prev"/>
		<updated>2026-07-20T03:35:32Z</updated>

		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;Remove stray backslash-escaped quotes (\&amp;#039; and \&amp;quot;) left by an old import escaping bug&lt;/p&gt;
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				&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; style=&quot;background-color: #fff; color: #202122; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;← Older revision&lt;/td&gt;
				&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; style=&quot;background-color: #fff; color: #202122; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;Revision as of 23:35, 19 July 2026&lt;/td&gt;
				&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-lineno&quot; id=&quot;mw-diff-left-l11&quot;&gt;Line 11:&lt;/td&gt;
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&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;==Abstract==&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;==Abstract==&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;−&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&amp;lt;div id=&quot;&quot;&amp;gt;     We describe a simple experiment to validate the principle of light isotropy. The method is based on measurement of the ratio between refractive indices of two different optical media by using a collimated beam. The method exploits the speed-of-light dependence of light propagating at an angle across optical interfaces. The experiment provides a means to test for light anisotropy with respect to a preferred reference frame, for example, determined from measurements of the Cosmic Microwave Background anisotropy. Presently, the operational management of the GPS system applies corrections indicating the existence of a universal clock. Other researchers have identified evidence of altitude dependence for the speed-of-light and other speed variation effects. These phenomena do not fully comply with the definition of the inertial frame according to Special Relativity. Previous tests of the speed of light may be categorized into one-way or two-way dependency tests. Two-way tests, such as Michelson and Morley&lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;\&lt;/del&gt;\&#039;s original experiment average a round trip velocity and, consequently, can only provide limited bounds for some anisotropic effects. One-way tests, such as the experiment described here, measuring the speed of light in a single direction may be designed with significantly increased sensitivity to time-dependent variations in light propagation. They may also be designed to be resilient to clock and wavelength variation errors. Our preliminary results indicate a time-dependent variation of the speed of light that is not correlated with CMB anisotropy but is consistent with anisotropy reported by other investigators. The identification of an absolute or preferred reference frame would provide new experimental evidence that may constrain theories that seek to unify gravity with the other fundamental forces or improve the standard model.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;+&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&amp;lt;div id=&quot;&quot;&amp;gt;     We describe a simple experiment to validate the principle of light isotropy. The method is based on measurement of the ratio between refractive indices of two different optical media by using a collimated beam. The method exploits the speed-of-light dependence of light propagating at an angle across optical interfaces. The experiment provides a means to test for light anisotropy with respect to a preferred reference frame, for example, determined from measurements of the Cosmic Microwave Background anisotropy. Presently, the operational management of the GPS system applies corrections indicating the existence of a universal clock. Other researchers have identified evidence of altitude dependence for the speed-of-light and other speed variation effects. These phenomena do not fully comply with the definition of the inertial frame according to Special Relativity. Previous tests of the speed of light may be categorized into one-way or two-way dependency tests. Two-way tests, such as Michelson and Morley\&#039;s original experiment average a round trip velocity and, consequently, can only provide limited bounds for some anisotropic effects. One-way tests, such as the experiment described here, measuring the speed of light in a single direction may be designed with significantly increased sensitivity to time-dependent variations in light propagation. They may also be designed to be resilient to clock and wavelength variation errors. Our preliminary results indicate a time-dependent variation of the speed of light that is not correlated with CMB anisotropy but is consistent with anisotropy reported by other investigators. The identification of an absolute or preferred reference frame would provide new experimental evidence that may constrain theories that seek to unify gravity with the other fundamental forces or improve the standard model.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&amp;lt;/div&amp;gt;   &amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;Comments:&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039; 12 pages&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&amp;lt;/div&amp;gt;   &amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;Comments:&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039; 12 pages&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;

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	<entry>
		<id>https://wiki.naturalphilosophy.org/index.php?title=A_Laboratory_Experiment_for_Testing_Space-Time_Isotropy&amp;diff=293455&amp;oldid=prev</id>
		<title>ClaudeBot: Remove empty None journal/publisher placeholder (dead red-link cleanup)</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="https://wiki.naturalphilosophy.org/index.php?title=A_Laboratory_Experiment_for_Testing_Space-Time_Isotropy&amp;diff=293455&amp;oldid=prev"/>
		<updated>2026-07-18T23:24:22Z</updated>

		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;Remove empty &lt;a href=&quot;/index.php?title=None&amp;amp;action=edit&amp;amp;redlink=1&quot; class=&quot;new&quot; title=&quot;None (page does not exist)&quot;&gt;None&lt;/a&gt; journal/publisher placeholder (dead red-link cleanup)&lt;/p&gt;
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				&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; style=&quot;background-color: #fff; color: #202122; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;← Older revision&lt;/td&gt;
				&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; style=&quot;background-color: #fff; color: #202122; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;Revision as of 19:24, 18 July 2026&lt;/td&gt;
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&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;| published = 2011&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;| published = 2011&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
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	<entry>
		<id>https://wiki.naturalphilosophy.org/index.php?title=A_Laboratory_Experiment_for_Testing_Space-Time_Isotropy&amp;diff=293057&amp;oldid=prev</id>
		<title>ClaudeBot: Add full-text link (reconnected from abstracts archive; URL verified live)</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="https://wiki.naturalphilosophy.org/index.php?title=A_Laboratory_Experiment_for_Testing_Space-Time_Isotropy&amp;diff=293057&amp;oldid=prev"/>
		<updated>2026-07-18T22:49:44Z</updated>

		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;Add full-text link (reconnected from abstracts archive; URL verified live)&lt;/p&gt;
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				&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; style=&quot;background-color: #fff; color: #202122; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;Revision as of 18:49, 18 July 2026&lt;/td&gt;
				&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-lineno&quot; id=&quot;mw-diff-left-l1&quot;&gt;Line 1:&lt;/td&gt;
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&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;| title = A Laboratory Experiment for Testing Space-Time Isotropy&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;| title = A Laboratory Experiment for Testing Space-Time Isotropy&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-side-deleted&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;+&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;| url = [http://vixra.org/abs/1105.0030 Link to paper]&lt;/ins&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;| author = [[Stoyan Sarg]]&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;| author = [[Stoyan Sarg]]&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;| keywords = [[space-time isotropy]], [[CMB anisotropy]], [[ether-drift velocity experiment]]&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;| keywords = [[space-time isotropy]], [[CMB anisotropy]], [[ether-drift velocity experiment]]&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
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&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;}}&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;}}&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
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&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-side-deleted&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;+&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;&#039;&#039;&#039;Read the full paper&#039;&#039;&#039; [http://vixra.org/abs/1105.0030 here]&lt;/ins&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;==Abstract==&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;==Abstract==&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;/table&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>ClaudeBot</name></author>
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<id>https://wiki.naturalphilosophy.org/index.php?title=A_Laboratory_Experiment_for_Testing_Space-Time_Isotropy&amp;diff=22635&amp;oldid=prev</id>
		<title>Maintenance script: Imported from text file</title>
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		<updated>2017-01-02T02:15:57Z</updated>

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				&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; style=&quot;background-color: #fff; color: #202122; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;Revision as of 22:15, 1 January 2017&lt;/td&gt;
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	<entry>
		<id>https://wiki.naturalphilosophy.org/index.php?title=A_Laboratory_Experiment_for_Testing_Space-Time_Isotropy&amp;diff=16454&amp;oldid=prev</id>
		<title>Maintenance script: Imported from text file</title>
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		<updated>2017-01-01T16:55:53Z</updated>

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				&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; style=&quot;background-color: #fff; color: #202122; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;Revision as of 12:55, 1 January 2017&lt;/td&gt;
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	<entry>
		<id>https://wiki.naturalphilosophy.org/index.php?title=A_Laboratory_Experiment_for_Testing_Space-Time_Isotropy&amp;diff=1191&amp;oldid=prev</id>
		<title>Maintenance script: Imported from text file</title>
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		<updated>2016-12-30T02:05:16Z</updated>

		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;Imported from text file&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;New page&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;div&gt;{{Infobox paper&lt;br /&gt;
| title = A Laboratory Experiment for Testing Space-Time Isotropy&lt;br /&gt;
| author = [[Stoyan Sarg]]&lt;br /&gt;
| keywords = [[space-time isotropy]], [[CMB anisotropy]], [[ether-drift velocity experiment]]&lt;br /&gt;
| published = 2011&lt;br /&gt;
| journal = [[None]]&lt;br /&gt;
}}&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==Abstract==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;div id=&amp;quot;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;     We describe a simple experiment to validate the principle of light isotropy. The method is based on measurement of the ratio between refractive indices of two different optical media by using a collimated beam. The method exploits the speed-of-light dependence of light propagating at an angle across optical interfaces. The experiment provides a means to test for light anisotropy with respect to a preferred reference frame, for example, determined from measurements of the Cosmic Microwave Background anisotropy. Presently, the operational management of the GPS system applies corrections indicating the existence of a universal clock. Other researchers have identified evidence of altitude dependence for the speed-of-light and other speed variation effects. These phenomena do not fully comply with the definition of the inertial frame according to Special Relativity. Previous tests of the speed of light may be categorized into one-way or two-way dependency tests. Two-way tests, such as Michelson and Morley\\&amp;#039;s original experiment average a round trip velocity and, consequently, can only provide limited bounds for some anisotropic effects. One-way tests, such as the experiment described here, measuring the speed of light in a single direction may be designed with significantly increased sensitivity to time-dependent variations in light propagation. They may also be designed to be resilient to clock and wavelength variation errors. Our preliminary results indicate a time-dependent variation of the speed of light that is not correlated with CMB anisotropy but is consistent with anisotropy reported by other investigators. The identification of an absolute or preferred reference frame would provide new experimental evidence that may constrain theories that seek to unify gravity with the other fundamental forces or improve the standard model.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;/div&amp;gt;   &amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;Comments:&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039; 12 pages&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
[[Category:Scientific Paper]]&lt;br /&gt;
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[[Category:Relativity]]&lt;/div&gt;</summary>
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