The Four Universal Motions in Physics
| Scientific Theory | |
|---|---|
| Name | The Four Universal Motions in Physics |
| Type | Newtonian, Particle |
| Author(s) | Robert de Hilster, David de Hilster |
| Keywords | gravity, magnetism, light, electricity, particle, motion |
| Year | 2024 |
| Website | https://fourmotions.org |
The Four Universal Motions in Physics is a model proposed by father-son team Robert de Hilster and David de Hilster which holds that light, gravity, magnetism, and electricity are all the same particle traveling at the speed of light, and that the forces we observe are the result of the different ways that particle moves. The model asserts that "all forces in the universe can be described physically and visually by combining these four motions together." It is an extension of the Particle Model and is detailed in the book Principia Mathematica 2. Further information, videos, and papers are available at the theory's website, fourmotions.org.
Overview
Rather than treating the fundamental forces as separate phenomena governed by separate laws, the Four Universal Motions model proposes a single particle that produces every force through its pattern of movement. Four distinct motions — gravitic, magnetic, luminic, and electric — account for the forces of gravity, magnetism, light, and electricity respectively. By combining these motions, the authors claim the model can describe all forces in the universe both physically and visually, without resorting to fields, wave-particle duality, or action at a distance.
The Four Motions
Gravitic Motion
Gravitic motion is the random motion of the particle and is considered the most fundamental motion in the universe. It is associated with gravity and forms the baseline state of motion from which the other three motions are derived.
Magnetic Motion
Magnetic motion is a circular or orbiting motion of the particle. In this model, "same rotations repel, opposite rotations attract," providing a physical, visual explanation for magnetic attraction and repulsion in place of magnetic field lines.
Luminic Motion
Luminic motion is the wave-like pattern produced by particles moving through space, and is associated with light. Because the wave pattern is a property of how the particles move rather than of a wave itself, this motion resolves the wave-particle duality — light behaves as a particle whose repetitive motion gives it wavelength.
Electric Motion
Electric motion is the directional flow of particles moving together in a single direction, and is associated with electricity.
Relationship to the Particle Model
The Four Universal Motions build directly on the Particle Model, which proposes that the entire universe and everything in it can be described as particles. Where the Particle Model establishes the particles themselves (such as the G1 and G2 particles), the Four Universal Motions describe how the movement of those particles gives rise to the four observable forces.