Emanation of Matter - Creation of Water

Scientific Paper
Title	Emanation of Matter - Creation of Water
Read in full	Link to paper
Author(s)	Francis Viren Fernandes
Keywords	Evolution, Involution, Photon-electron dynamics, Pair Production, 186-ether, Twin mass
Published	2009
No. of pages	10

Read the full paper here

Abstract

Water arises from the clustering of millions of light particles called Rydberg photons. Light particles or photons arise from a 186 two mass body. One 186-ether turns into photons and the other 186-ether acts as a seed nucleus. A quantum of photons clustered together is tangible matter. Pair production is a reversible process in the changing texture of matter. The seed 186-ether is electric elementary charge that can pulsate to the limits of an electron radius. 186-ether comprises the fabric of the etheric sea. Water is light with a particular texture. Water emanates from light.

Overview

This ten-page paper, presented at the Natural Philosophy Alliance's 2009 Storrs conference at the University of Connecticut, is one instalment of Francis Viren Fernandes's long-running "186-ether" programme. Its thesis is that ordinary tangible matter is nothing but light in a particular texture: every atom is a cluster of discrete corpuscles the author calls Rydberg photons, packed around one or more central seed masses of ether. A proton, on this account, is "approximately sixty nine million Rydberg photons" cocooning a single 186-ether seed; an oxide ion is about 1.095 × 10⁹ such photons around two seeds; a water molecule is the sum, roughly 1.233 × 10⁹ Rydberg photons. Hence the title's claim that water — and by extension the seventy per cent of the Earth's surface it covers — is condensed light.

The departure from the mainstream account is total rather than marginal. Fernandes denies that the ground-state hydrogen atom contains an electron at all ("No electron in the H-atom"): the electron, he argues, is manufactured in the act of measurement, since hydrogen gas shows no spectrum until a current is passed through it. What conventional physics photographs as an electron cloud is on his reading a blur of pulsating photon corpuscles, and the uncertainty principle is an unwarranted extrapolation from an instrumental limitation — "it is surely folly to extrapolate chance, uncertainty, or fundamental indeterminacy, from an inability to measure accurately an observed system". He also rejects the usual reading of E = Mc²: the equation is "mathematically correct but has been wrongly interpreted", because mass never becomes energy. Energy is redefined as "a mass accelerated thru a distance, MAD", and what actually happens in annihilation is that atomic mass converts to etheric mass at c, while ether returns to visible matter at some slowed velocity v.

The argument

The 186-ether and its two constants

The paper's foundation is a postulated elementary mass of 1.859222909 × 10⁻⁹ kg with a radius of 1.380668031 × 10⁻³⁶ m. Fernandes identifies the radius as "the source of the Boltzmann Constant", the mantissa being that of k_B. Two relations are said to fix these values: an "etheric mass-over-radius constant"

M/R = 1.859222909 × 10⁻⁹ / 1.380668031 × 10⁻³⁶ = 1.346611109 × 10²⁷ kg/m

and an equation the author calls the conservation of electric charge,

q² = M × R × 10⁷

which for these values returns (1.602176537 × 10⁻¹⁹)². The ether is a "two-mass body": one 186-ether turns into photons, the other remains as a seed nucleus, and the superposition of two of them shrinks the radius by a factor of 10⁷. Because mass over radius for a single ether becomes M²/R² under superposition, Fernandes says, "herein lays the deep mechanics of the inverse squared relationship".

The Rydberg photon

The Rydberg photon is given a mass of 2.425434789 × 10⁻³⁵ kg and a radius "precisely twice the Bohr Radius", R = 1.058354422 × 10⁻¹⁰ m. Feeding the mass into de Broglie's relation M × c × λ = h gives λ = 9.11267052 × 10⁻⁸ m, whose inverse is the Rydberg constant R_∞ = 1.097373155 × 10⁷ m⁻¹. "The origin of the Rydberg Constant is thus clearly identified as the wave number generated by the Rydberg Photon mass." The same wavelength is recovered a second way from the fine structure figure, λ = 2π × R × 137.036 with R twice the Bohr radius.

Since the first ionization energies of oxygen (13.61805 eV) and hydrogen (13.6056923 eV) are nearly equal, and the Rydberg photon corresponds to 13.6 eV, Fernandes takes the same corpuscle to build both ions.

Counting the photons in water

The counts follow as simple ratios:

• Proton: 1.672622216 × 10⁻²⁷ / 2.425434789 × 10⁻³⁵ = 6.8961747 × 10⁷ Rydberg photons — matched, the paper notes, by 9.382723128 × 10⁸ eV ÷ 13.6056923 eV.
• Oxide ion: 2.656017781 × 10⁻²⁶ / 2.425434789 × 10⁻³⁵ = 1.09506872 × 10⁹ photons, about two 186-ether seeds — the oxidation state.
• Water: 2 × 6.8961747 × 10⁷ + 1.09506872 × 10⁹ = 1.232992219 × 10⁹ photons, giving a molecular mass of 2.990542223 × 10⁻²⁶ kg.

"Thus the mass of one molecule of water is worked out from millions of photons. Matter is basically corpuscular in nature. We are light."

The hydroxide bond is offered only as "a thought": one 186-ether seed of the hydrogen atom polarizes against one of the two seeds of the oxygen atom, positive and negative charge being tied to clockwise and anticlockwise rotation of the ether mass.

Pair production, involution and evolution

Applying q² = M × R × 10⁷ to the proton (radius 1.5346978 × 10⁻¹⁸ m) and to an eV photon mass of 4.961123308 × 10⁻³⁴ kg, and taking the fourth root of their combination, Fernandes recovers the electron–positron pair — mass 9.1093826 × 10⁻³¹ kg at the classical radius 2.81794029 × 10⁻¹⁵ m — with "two outcomes of ±1.60217653 × 10⁻¹⁹ C". A quantum of 2.040997717 × 10²¹ electrons is said to make up one 186-photon body.

The cosmological frame is that matter cycles: "involution" is the collapse of visible mass back into the etheric sea at c, "evolution" the folding over of ether into visible matter. What causes two 186-ethers to superimpose? "A suggested answer is that a black hole is the dynamo which feeds 186-ether." The closing pages turn frankly devotional, comparing creation to gestation and to breath.

Assessment

What is attractive here is the ambition of the reduction. A single corpuscle and a single mass–radius rule are asked to generate charge, the Rydberg constant, the classical electron radius, the inverse-square law and the composition of water, and the author is refreshingly explicit about his method — "retrosynthesis", reasoning backwards from what is observed to what must underlie it. His scepticism about reading fundamental indeterminacy off an experimental blur, and his insistence that spectroscopy studies hydrogen under stress rather than at rest, are recognisable and serious objections that deserve better answers than they usually get.

The arithmetic, however, does not support the weight placed on it, and the difficulties are of a specific and checkable kind.

The central equation is the definition of the classical electron radius, and the 10⁷ is an SI artefact. In SI units r_e = e²/(4πε₀m_ec²), and since 1/(4πε₀c²) = μ₀/4π = 10⁻⁷ exactly, this rearranges to e² = m_er_e × 10⁷. That is character for character the paper's "conservation of electric charge". The bare 10⁷ is not a physical shrinkage factor between ether states; it is the ampere's definition. In any other unit system the number changes, and the relation carries no information beyond the textbook electron radius.

Everything on the mass–radius curve is the same fact restated. Because M × R = e² × 10⁻⁷ = 2.5669 × 10⁻⁴⁵ for every body the paper constructs, the proton pair (1.672622216 × 10⁻²⁷, 1.5347 × 10⁻¹⁸), the eV-photon pair (4.961123308 × 10⁻³⁴, 5.17417 × 10⁻¹²) and the electron pair (9.1093826 × 10⁻³¹, 2.81794 × 10⁻¹⁵) all give the identical product. The "pair production" calculation therefore divides a number by itself; it cannot produce the electron because the electron was put in when the radius was chosen. Likewise the "quantum" 2.040997717 × 10²¹ is simply 1.859222909 × 10⁻⁹ ÷ 9.1093826 × 10⁻³¹, and equals r_e/r₁₈₆ for the same reason.

The two ether constants are not independent. Given q² = MR × 10⁷, fixing the radius at 1.380668031 × 10⁻³⁶ m forces the mass to be 1.859222909 × 10⁻⁹ kg. Only one number was ever chosen, and it was chosen to carry the mantissa of Boltzmann's constant while abandoning both its exponent and its units — k_B is 1.3806505 × 10⁻²³ J K⁻¹, not a length of 1.380668 × 10⁻³⁶ m, and the mantissas already diverge in the fifth digit. The striking-looking agreement between M/R = 1.346611109 × 10²⁷ kg/m and (M/q)² = 1.346611109 × 10²⁰ kg²/C² is likewise algebra, not coincidence: substituting R = q²/(M × 10⁷) turns the first expression into the second times 10⁷. The two quantities have different dimensions and only their mantissas are being compared.

The Rydberg-photon results are conversions, not discoveries. The mass 2.425434789 × 10⁻³⁵ kg is exactly hR_∞/c, the mass equivalent of the 13.6057 eV Rydberg energy; putting it back into Mcλ = h must return 1/R_∞, so that step is a round trip through the definition. The second route, λ = 2π × 2a₀ × 137.036, is the standard identity R_∞ = α/(4πa₀) — the relation that defines the Bohr radius, not independent evidence for it. And "69 million Rydberg photons in a proton" is the statement that the proton rest energy is 938.27 MeV expressed in units of 13.6 eV. The same is true of the water calculation, which is the addition of two hydrogen masses to one oxygen mass carried out in unusual units; it necessarily works, and it works to about 0.03 per cent, which is roughly the size of the effect the model would have to explain — molecular binding energy is nowhere accounted for.

An internal inconsistency of nine orders of magnitude. The ether associated with the electron is given as 3.79466974 × 10¹² kg in the figure caption but as 3.794669713 × 10²¹ kg twice in the text of the "second quantum jump", where 1.859222909 × 10⁻⁹ × 2.040997717 × 10²¹ in fact equals 3.7947 × 10¹². The radius is also printed as both …668031 and …668038 × 10⁻³⁶ m within a page of itself.

Beyond the arithmetic, the physical claims collide with measurement. If the ground-state hydrogen atom has no electron, it is unclear what is scattered in the electron-diffraction and Compton-profile experiments that map the 1s momentum distribution, or what carries the hyperfine splitting that produces the 21 cm line by which radio astronomy maps neutral hydrogen throughout the galaxy — a line emitted by cold gas with no current passing through it, which is precisely the condition Fernandes says yields no spectrum. Stellar and interstellar absorption spectra likewise come from unexcited atoms in the line of sight. An ether mass of 1.86 × 10⁻⁹ kg confined to 10⁻³⁶ m, and an electron carrying 3.8 × 10¹² kg of ether, would also have gravitational consequences that are absent; the paper's own "super force of the order of 10⁴⁴ newtons" is offered without any account of why laboratory matter does not feel it. Finally, the ionization energies of hydrogen (13.606 eV) and oxygen (13.618 eV) are close by accident of atomic structure — the second and later ionization energies of oxygen are 35.1, 54.9 and 77.4 eV — so nothing follows from their near-equality about a shared corpuscle.

The paper is best read as a metaphysical and religious cosmology of creation, argued through numerology, rather than as a quantitative model. Its arithmetic is internally consistent wherever it is checkable — the ratios, the photon counts and the water mass all reproduce as printed — but the calculations are conversions and identities, and the agreements they display were built into the definitions before the calculation began.

See also

• Francis Viren Fernandes
• Aether
• Photon
• Proton
• Electron
• Positron
• Hydrogen Atom
• Fine Structure Constant
• Planck Constant
• Uncertainty Principle
• Electric Charge
• Niels Bohr