Batteries Made from Water
| Scientific Paper | |
|---|---|
| Title | Batteries Made from Water |
| Read in full | Link to paper |
| Author(s) | Gerald Pollack |
| Keywords | {{{keywords}}} |
| Published | 2012 |
| Journal | Proceedings of the NPA |
| Volume | 9 |
| No. of pages | 6 |
| Pages | 429-434 |
Read the full paper here
Abstract
This paper largely comprises a draft chapter of my forthcoming book, The Fourth Phase of Water: Beyond Solid, Liquid and Vapor (Ebner and Sons, 2012). I preface it by providing some background. School children learn that water has three phases: solid, liquid and vapor. But we recently uncovered what appears to be a fourth phase. This phase occurs next to water-loving (hydrophilic) surfaces. It is surprisingly extensive, projecting out from the hydrophilic surface by up to millions of molecular layers. A principal attribute of this phase is that it excludes particles and solutes because of its liquid crystalline nature. We have therefore labeled this phase the ?exclusion zone? or EZ for short. Of particular significance is the observation that the EZ is charged; and, the water just beyond is oppositely charged. This creates a battery that can produce current. We found that light recharges this battery. Thus, water can receive and process electromagnetic energy drawn from the environment ? much like plants. The material below outlines the evidence that water acts as a battery.
