Copenhagen's Single System Assumption is Out of Order

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Scientific Paper
Title Copenhagen\'s Single System Assumption is Out of Order
Read in full Link to paper
Author(s) Evert Jan Post
Keywords Copenhagen, Single System, Paradigm
Published 2000
Journal None
No. of pages 8

Read the full paper here

Abstract

The manifold of space and time in which physical events evolve permits a subdivision of laws dependent or independent of a universal metric in the form of a metric tensor. Dimensional analysis and geometric transformation theory shed light on this aspect if the mass unit is replaced by an action unit. One so obtains a systematic separation between geometric and physical units of reference. These criteria permit the delineation of a subdivision of metric-free laws, especially a category of metric-free global relations culminating in a set of 1,2 and 3-dimensional residue integrals; the residues of which can be assessed as counting elementary flux, charge and action quanta. The charge counter is simply the Amp?re-Gauss law of Maxwell theory. The flux and action counters have traditionally been viewed as asymptotic byproducts of Schroedinger's equation. Since, the Amp?re-Gauss law is taken to have universal macro-micro validity, it is now reasonable to extend similar basic exactness also to the flux and action counters. The Schroedinger equation now emerges as a derived entity, applicable to ensembles of phase and orientation randomized identical systems. Schroedinger's own recipe for obtaining his wave equation then graduates to the level of a derivation; thus establishing its position as a tool for primeval ensembles while excluding single system applications.