Electrum Validum Entities

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Scientific Paper
Title Electrum Validum Entities
Author(s) Ken Shoulders
Keywords charge density, electrum validum, vortex filaments
Published 1995
Journal Electric Spacecraft Journal
Number 16
Pages 24-28

Abstract

This article is composed of excerpts from the 80-page US Patent #5,018,180, granted May 21, 1991 to inventor Kenneth R. Shoulders. It was filed May 3, 1989. The assignee is Jupiter Toy Co., Austin, TX. This patent is relevant to: (1) the article by Charles A. Yost in this issue, which describes experiments where electron chains may have been visible as a threadlike stream; (2) a mention in ESJ 1 of an electric propulsion system, described in patent #3,464,207 issued to Ernest C. Okress in 1969; and (3) a natural phenomenon described in ESJ 14 in ?Gorgons from the Volcanoes,? by Egon Bach.